Great Women in the History of Kazakhstan

Women have long played a pivotal role in the history and development of Kazakhstan, making invaluable contributions across various spheres such as politics, education, culture, and beyond. Their courage, determination, and exceptional talent have left an indelible mark on the nation’s progress. Today, their legacy is increasingly recognized, and women in Kazakhstan are more conscious of their impact and potential than ever before.

Karina from Taraz expressed her admiration, telling TCA, "I have always been inspired by our women, the women of the great steppe, particularly in the realm of culture. At a time when such professions were deemed exclusively for men, these women broke barriers. Thanks to their pioneering efforts, we now have the opportunity to not only work in these fields but also to earn respect and recognition."

Similarly, Alina from Astana shared her thoughts with TCA: "Because of them, I have the freedom to pursue any path I choose. Their talent and drive have paved the way for the next generation, allowing us to dream bigger and reach higher."

On this International Women’s Day, we take a moment to celebrate some of the extraordinary women whose lives and accomplishments have significantly influenced the course of Kazakhstan’s history. These women, through their unwavering resolve and groundbreaking achievements, have shaped the nation’s identity and continue to inspire future generations.

Tomyris: The Warrior Queen of the Great Steppe

Tomyris, the legendary Queen of the Massagetae, holds a revered place in Kazakh culture and history. She is celebrated not only as a formidable warrior but also as a symbol of strength and resilience for Kazakhstani women. Tomyris is best known for her epic confrontation with Cyrus the Great, the powerful Persian king, in which she displayed unmatched military acumen and unyielding determination. According to legend, after defeating Cyrus in battle and annihilating much of his army, Tomyris famously placed his severed head into a wine skin filled with blood, declaring, "You thirsted for blood, king of the Persians, so drink it now to your heart’s content." Her victory brought peace to her people and solidified her place as a legendary figure in Kazakh history.

Nazipa Kulzhanova: A Pioneer in Education and Journalism

Nazipa Kulzhanova was a trailblazer in education and journalism, becoming the first accredited female teacher in Kazakhstan and the first female journalist on the editorial staff of Yenbekshi Kazakh (Working Kazakh). As an educator, ethnographer, and translator, Kulzhanova played a crucial role in the development of the Kazakh alphabet and contributed significantly to the intellectual and cultural advancement of her people. Her philosophical writings often focused on the importance of education and the active participation of women in society. Kulzhanova firmly believed that "A woman is the mother of the people. Only an educated, skillful, free woman is able to raise her people to the level of advanced nations."

Nagima Arykova: A Champion of Women's Rights and Governance

Nagima Arykova was a distinguished stateswoman and a leading figure in the women’s movement in Kazakhstan. As the author of influential works such as "The Role of a Woman Commissioner" and "The Struggle for the Rights of Working Women in Kazakhstan," Arykova was instrumental in advocating for women’s rights during a time of great social and political change. She was also the editor of the newspaper Kazakh capital and became the first woman to hold a prominent position within the government of Kazakhstan, paving the way for future generations of women leaders.

Manshuk Mametova: A Heroine of the Second World War

Manshuk Mametova’s bravery and heroism during the Second World War have made her a legendary figure in Kazakh history. As a machine-gunner, Mametova became the first Kazakh woman to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Her courage was particularly evident during the Battle of Nevel on October 15, 1943, where she single-handedly held off the enemy, taking down seventy soldiers before she was killed in action. Her extraordinary valor is remembered and honored as a symbol of the strength and resilience of Kazakh women.

Aliya Moldagulova: A Young Warrior with an Indomitable Spirit

Aliya Moldagulova’s story is one of incredible courage and determination. At just seventeen years old, she volunteered to join the front line during the Second World War, joining the ranks of Kazakh women who made up 40% of the volunteers. Despite her youth, Moldagulova quickly proved her worth, showing exceptional skill in battle. In a letter preserved in the Heroine’s Museum in Aktobe, a Lieutenant Colonel described how Aliya "worked tirelessly to destroy the Germans," ultimately taking down over 60 enemy soldiers before making the ultimate sacrifice. Moldagulova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin, cementing her legacy as one of Kazakhstan’s greatest heroines.

Aisha Galimbayeva: A Visionary Artist and Cultural Pioneer

Aisha Galimbayeva was a trailblazing artist whose work vividly captured the evolving roles of women in Soviet Kazakhstan. Her sketches for the iconic black-and-white film "Songs of Abay" are particularly celebrated. Galimbayeva’s artistic achievements demonstrated that women could break into and excel in fields traditionally dominated by men. As a member of the Union of Artists of Kazakhstan, she remained an active contributor to the development of Kazakh art until her passing in 2008. Galimbayeva’s legacy continues to inspire artists across Kazakhstan, particularly women who look to her as a role model for pursuing their creative passions.

Kulyash Baiseitova: The Voice of Kazakhstan’s Cultural Renaissance

Kulyash Baiseitova’s rise to fame is a story of talent triumphing over adversity. Born into extreme poverty, Baiseitova was raised in an orphanage but went on to become one of Kazakhstan’s most celebrated opera singers and actresses. At the age of 24, she was the first Kazakh to receive the prestigious title of People’s Artist of the USSR. Baiseitova’s powerful voice and captivating performances brought Kazakh opera to the world stage, and her contributions to the arts earned her a place as a deputy in the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR. Her legacy continues to inspire young artists in Kazakhstan.

Almagul Menlibayeva: A Contemporary Artist with a Global Impact

Almagul Menlibayeva is a renowned contemporary artist whose work has had a profound influence on the global art scene. Her innovative and thought-provoking pieces address pressing social and environmental issues, particularly those affecting Central Asia. Menlibayeva’s art often explores themes of identity, tradition, and the impact of modernization, making her a powerful voice in the global dialogue on these topics. Her contributions have not only elevated the profile of Kazakh art but have also brought attention to critical issues facing the region.

Bibigul Tulegenova: Kazakhstan's Beloved Opera Diva

Bibigul Tulegenova is another legendary figure in Kazakhstan’s cultural history. Known as the "Kazakh Nightingale," Tulegenova’s extraordinary talent as an opera singer has earned her numerous accolades, including the title of People’s Artist of the USSR. Her performances have captivated audiences both in Kazakhstan and around the world, and she has played a significant role in promoting Kazakh music on the international stage. Tulegenova’s dedication to her craft and her ability to convey deep emotion through her voice have made her a beloved icon in Kazakh culture.

Dinmukhamed Kunayev’s Sister: A Trailblazer in Science and Education

The sister of Dinmukhamed Kunayev, one of Kazakhstan’s most prominent political figures, also made significant contributions to the nation, particularly in the fields of science and education. She was a pioneering scientist who broke new ground in her field, and her work laid the foundation for future research in Kazakhstan. Her dedication to education also helped raise the standard of academic excellence in the country, inspiring many young women to pursue careers in science and technology.

Shamsiya Koyshigulova: A Beacon of Women’s Rights and Social Progress

Shamsiya Koyshigulova was a dedicated advocate for women’s rights and social progress in Kazakhstan. Her tireless efforts to improve the lives of Kazakh women, particularly in rural areas, earned her widespread recognition and respect. Koyshigulova worked to ensure that women had access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities, believing that these were essential to achieving gender equality. Her legacy continues to inspire women’s rights activists in Kazakhstan and beyond.

Rosa Baglanova: The Voice of the Nation

Rosa Baglanova was one of Kazakhstan’s most cherished singers, known for her powerful voice and her ability to connect with audiences through her music. Baglanova’s performances were not only a source of entertainment but also a means of preserving and promoting Kazakh culture. She was a true cultural ambassador, representing Kazakhstan at international events and bringing the richness of Kazakh music to the world. Her contributions to the arts have left an enduring legacy, and she remains an iconic figure in Kazakhstan’s cultural history.

Raushan Nurzhaubayeva: A Leader in Healthcare and Social Services

Raushan Nurzhaubayeva has made significant contributions to healthcare and social services in Kazakhstan. As a leader in the healthcare sector, she has worked tirelessly to improve access to medical care, particularly for women and children. Nurzhaubayeva’s efforts have helped to modernize Kazakhstan’s healthcare system and ensure that it meets the needs of the population. Her dedication to social services has also had a lasting impact, as she has worked to create programs that support the most vulnerable members of society.

Conclusion: Celebrating the Legacy of Kazakh Women

The women of Kazakhstan have played an integral role in shaping the nation’s history, culture, and identity. From ancient warrior queens to contemporary artists and activists, these women have broken barriers, challenged norms, and paved the way for future generations. Their stories are a testament to the strength, resilience, and creativity of Kazakh women, and they continue to inspire and empower women across the country and beyond. As we celebrate their achievements, we recognize that the legacy of these remarkable women will continue to influence the course of Kazakhstan’s future for generations to come.